Hunara: Journal of Ancient Iranian Arts and History

Abstract The Achaemenid period plays a uniquely important role in the millennia-long history of Armenian-Iranian relations. During the two hundred years of Persian rule, Armenia played a significant role in the Achaemenid state’s governance system, and apart from the rebellion against Darius I in 522-521 BC, there are no other historical records of Armenian uprisings against Persia.
According to accounts by Movses Khorenatsi and Thovma Artsruni, Armenians and Persians maintained allied relations in the 6^th century BC, working together to free themselves from Median domination. Medieval Armenian historians speak highly of the friendly relationship between Cyrus the Great and Tigran Haykazn. Thovma Artsruni notes that Armenian auxiliary forces actively participated in the Persian army’s wars against the Medes, Lydians, and Babylonians.
Remarkably, both Tigran Haykazn and Cyrus the Great are portrayed by Movses Khorenatsi and Thovma Artsruni as wise rulers, guided by wisdom and, in some ways, connected to Ahura Mazda. The comparison of the relationship between Tigran and Cyrus suggests that, in ancient times, Armenians and Persians were not seen as opposing forces, and the Persians did not assert dominance over the Armenians. In the “we” vs. “them” dichotomy, Armenians were positioned in the “we” category alongside the Medes and Persians, while those living farther away were seen as “them”.

Abstract Throughout their long and rich history, the Iranian people have created marvellous monuments of material and spiritual culture and made a big contribution to the progress of world civilization.
A very important place in Iran’s history belongs to the Achaemenid period, when, after the establishment of the Achaemenid State 25 centuries ago, firm foundations of Iranian statehood and culture were laid. This period played an important role in the historical and cultural development of many other countries, which were part of the Achaemenid State.