The Indo-European verbal root *peh₂- “to protect, guard; to graze, tend (livestock)” is represented in Armenian through native developments such as *ph₂-tēr “father” > hayr, *h3eu̯i-peh₂- “sheep-herder” > hoviw (instrumental hovu-a-w), *peh2-i̯e- > hayim“to look, gaze on, observe, watch”, and *peh₂-tro- > hawr-an “flock, sheepfold”. It is also reflected in numerous words and personal names borrowed from Iranian sources, e.g. apat “inhabited/cultivated place”, darapan “porter, doorkeeper”, hpatak “subject, vassal”, šahap “vice-roy, governor, mayor”, pa(r)hem “to guard, preserve, keep”, pahapan “keeper, guard, watchman”, etc. This article attempts to present the corpus of such words in a concise form, supplemented with etymological notes. Special attention is devoted, on the one hand, to terms for pahanord, pahapan, pahpanak, grapanak—amulets or magical protective objects—and, on the other hand, to the etymology of pay/payn, the name of a protective spirit.
Martirosyan,H and Badalyan,V . (2026). The Indo-European Verb *peh2-“to Protect, Guard, Pasture” in Native and Borrowed Layers of Armenian. Hunara: Journal of Ancient Iranian Arts and History, 4(No. 1), 1-21. doi: 10.22034/hunara.2026.248056
MLA
Martirosyan,H , and Badalyan,V . "The Indo-European Verb *peh2-“to Protect, Guard, Pasture” in Native and Borrowed Layers of Armenian", Hunara: Journal of Ancient Iranian Arts and History, 4, No. 1, 2026, 1-21. doi: 10.22034/hunara.2026.248056
HARVARD
Martirosyan H, Badalyan V. (2026). 'The Indo-European Verb *peh2-“to Protect, Guard, Pasture” in Native and Borrowed Layers of Armenian', Hunara: Journal of Ancient Iranian Arts and History, 4(No. 1), pp. 1-21. doi: 10.22034/hunara.2026.248056
CHICAGO
H Martirosyan and V Badalyan, "The Indo-European Verb *peh2-“to Protect, Guard, Pasture” in Native and Borrowed Layers of Armenian," Hunara: Journal of Ancient Iranian Arts and History, 4 No. 1 (2026): 1-21, doi: 10.22034/hunara.2026.248056
VANCOUVER
Martirosyan H, Badalyan V. The Indo-European Verb *peh2-“to Protect, Guard, Pasture” in Native and Borrowed Layers of Armenian. Hunara. 2026;4(No. 1):1-21. doi: 10.22034/hunara.2026.248056
